ABSTRACT
Background: Thalassemias are a group of genetic blood diseases. These patients are blood transfusion dependent because of genetic inability to produce hemoglobin according to body needs. Due to repeated transfusions, these patients are vulnerable to HCV, HBV and HIV like blood transmitted diseases. The purpose of this study is to determine post transfusion HCV frequency in these patients
Objective: To assess prevalence of antibody HCV in multi-transfused Thalassaemia patients. Study Setting: The study was conducted at Thalassaemia Center, DHQ Hospital Faisalabad located in Central Punjab, Pakistan. The record of the Thalassemia children registered in this center during 1[st] Jan 2012 to 31[st] Dec 2014 was reviewed. Study Design
Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted on 416 Thalassemia children registered in Thalassemia Center DHQ Hospital Faisalabad. Out of these 379 children were included while 37 excluded due to incomplete record. The demographic data, blood transfusion history and lab tests details were taken from patient files. The HCV diagnostic laboratory techniques used were Rapid manual, confirmed by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay [ELIZA]
Results: Out of 379 Thalassemia patients, HCV positive found were 123 [32.45%]. The study population age was in range of 1- 19years while age range of HCV affected group was 5-19 years. Out of total 379, male were 235 [62%] and female were 144 [38%] while in total 123 HCV affected group 82 [66.67%] were male and 41 [33.33%] female. In total of 379 Thalassemic children having multiple transfusions, 123 [32.45%] were HCV +ve. Among 353 Thalassemic children having positive blood groups, 111 [31.44%] were HCV +ve while 12 [46.15%] were HCV +ve in 26 children with negative blood groups. Among 235 male, 82 [34.89%] were HCV +ve and 41 [28.47%] HCV +ve in 144 female children. Hepatomegaly was 75% in HCV +ve while 65% in HCV -ve groups. The splenomegaly was almost 80% in all groups
Conclusion: Despite use of screened blood transfusions in this center, still there is alarming proportion of HCV affected blood receiving patients. In this study Antibody HCV prevalence was higher [46.15%] in Thalassemic children with negative blood groups than [31.44%] positive group children. In total HCV +ve patients, 2/3 [66.67%] were male and 1/3 [33.33%] female group. This study warrants attention to improve HCV diagnostic and instrument sterilization techniques to minimize the risk of HCV infection
ABSTRACT
Background: Road Traffic Accident [RTA] is growing public issue and fall among four top causes of mortality and morbidity. Many people [of all age groups], die daily during playing in streets or travelling on roads. Main causes of these accidents are lack of driving skills, distracted and prolonged driving, use of intoxicants, use of mobile phone during driving, defective roads, over loading and inadequate government administrative structure. These accidents are predictable and largely preventable through multi-disciplinary coherent strategies
Objective: To study epidemiological factors, compliance with traffic rules and pattern of accidental injuries
Methods: This study is descriptive cross sectional, carried out at DHQ Hospital Faisalabad. The data was obtained from patients of RTA arriving at Accident and Emergency Department [Trauma Center], from 1[st] January 2016 to 30[th] June2016. During this period 583 patients of RTA were reported to this center. The study variables were socio demographic, human, environmental and time factors. Statistical analysis was done in percentages, linear / logarithmic trends and chi-square test to know strength of association between these variables
Results: Among total 583 RTA cases, male victims were 449 [77.02%] and female 134 [22.98%]. Majority of cases 256[43.91%] were in age group of 15-29 years. Victims of RTA from rural areas were 194 [33.28%] while 389 [66.72%] were from urban / sub-urban areas. People from low economical strata were 198 [33.96%], moderate 310 [53.17%] and victims with illiteracy level were 135 [23.16%] and having education up to school were 304 [52.14%]. Human factor, cell phone user were 29 [4.97%]. Victims observing traffic rules were 93 [15.95%] while only 17 [30.19%] practiced PPM. Human factor regarding casual attitudes was observed in 47 [8.06%] cases. Maximum accidents occurred during office/school and market opening / closing timings i.e. 08-00 to 12-00 hours, 180 [30.87%] with fatality 27 [04.63% of this time events and 24.12% of total fatality] and 12-00 to 16-00 hours 136 [23.33%] with 4.29% fatality of total events and 22.32% of total fatality]. Fatality was maximum during evening, 35 [6.00%] of evening RTA's and 31.25% of total fatality. Environmental factors, worst weather was observed in 35 RTA's [6.00%], narrow and repairable roads shared in 69 cases [11.84%] while in old repairable vehicles were 17 [2.92%]. RTA in two wheeler vehicles/one wheeler were 271+59=330 [56.60%], in auto rickshaw [three wheeler] 106 [18.18%] and in pedestrian 85 [14.58%]. Pattern of head injury was found in 72 RTA's [12.35%] while limb injuries 76 [13.04%]. Mortality occurred in 112 [19.21%] cases while mild to severe morbidity was observed in 471 [80.79%] cases
Conclusion: This study concluded that male youth shared major portion of RTA victims. Morbidity and mortality was high in riders of two wheelers and in persons having head injuries. All the contributory factors were largely preventable through multi-pronged approach
ABSTRACT
Objective: to evaluate our experience of laparoscopic peptic ulcer repair at National Hospital, Lahore over a one-year period
Material and Methods: a prospective case series study. The National Hospital and Medical Centre, Lahore. Four patients operated from January 2013 to December 2013. Post-operative pain, average hospital stay. Intra-operative and postoperative complications and outcome
Results: average operating time was 95 minutes, Average hospital stay 3.75 days. No intraoperative or operative postoperative complications documented so far
Conclusion: laparoscopic perforated duodenal ulcer repair is an excellent surgical option in selected patients without any added risk of complications
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to determine the various patterns of union of cystic duct to the common bile duct and to find and document the most common patterns. Design: An observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Mayo and National Hospital, Lahore. Subjects and The study is based upon laparoscopic dissection of 600 patients done between December 1995 to December 2000. These dissections were carried out as a part of laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed on these patients. The pattern of union of cystic duct with the common hepatic duct was studied and anomalies documented. It was noted that the original pattern of the union on the right lateral side is seen only in 32% cases, whereas an overwhelming majority i.e. 68% does not follow the known anatomic patterns. The patterns seen in the study were grouped into three different types. It was evident from this study that the common pattern described by the text books does not represent the true picture and indeed a lot of variations exist in this area